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Foot is superbly engineered for not only ordinary walking but also all extreme activities, such as crossing country running and dancing in high heels. Big toe and first metatarsal play a much bigger role than their looks in balancing, propelling and shock-absorbing for walking, running and jumping. The deformed look of a bunion foot is more than skin deep and represents underlying bone derangement and compromised function

Foot with big toe in normal alignment
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| Hallux valgus: Hallux is Latin and it means big toe. Valgus means tilting away from midline of the body. |
| Bunion: It is the protruding lump on the inner (medial) side of the big toe joint |
Bunion (medically referred to as Hallux valgus) is a common deformity of the foot. It is mostly found in middle-aged females, but it can appear as early as pre-teens. The deformity is usually progressive and can worsen through simple daily activities. It is hereditary and over 70% of patients would have a family history of the symptom. High heels and pointed shoes can precipitate and accelerate the condition in susceptible people. Superficially, it may appear mainly as a cosmetic embarrassment, but actually it is more of a functional problem. Severe hallux valgus deformity renders altered and inefficient gait causing foot and leg muscles to strain and become painful.
When surgical treatment becomes necessary, almost the only available choice has been one of the many different Break-and-Shift (osteotomy) bone procedures for the past many decades.
Syndesmosis procedure has been one of the only few described non-osteotomy (bone preserving soft tissue) techniques for bunion deformity correction in the past 60 years. It differs fundamentally from osteotomy procedures by being able to restore normal shape of the foot without breaking any bones and thus is consequently capable of restoring normal foot function. Hence, syndesmosis procedure is a functional surgery rather than cosmetic surgery for bunion feet.
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